Disclaimer

No professional advice

The content and tools on this website do not constitute financial, tax, legal, accounting, investment, retirement, estate, insurance, mortgage, lending, actuarial, valuation, business, cross-border planning or other professional advice. They are not a substitute for advice from qualified professionals who review your specific circumstances, objectives, documents, risks, constraints, relevant jurisdictions, timing and applicable rules.

Using this website does not create any professional relationship between you and OpenBook, including an advisor-client, planner-client, accountant-client, lawyer-client, broker-client or lender-client relationship, or a fiduciary relationship.

Simplified modelling

Calculator outputs are simplified estimates based on user inputs, default settings, source data where applicable, and stated assumptions. They are intended to illustrate how planning projections may be built, not to produce a complete or personalized recommendation, official determination, filing position, eligibility decision, valuation, underwriting result, lending decision, or transaction analysis.

Results may not reflect every relevant fact, rule, exception, election, credit, deduction, surtax, benefit interaction, account rule, phase-out, contract term, fee, penalty, timing issue, rounding convention, market risk, sequence-of-return risk, liquidity issue, household circumstance, issues relating to place of residence or tax residency status, cross-border issue, or documentation requirement. A calculator may omit considerations that are material in a particular situation.

User inputs and assumptions

Calculator results depend on the information entered by the user and on how each field is interpreted. If an input is missing, incomplete, outdated, estimated, entered in the wrong period, entered in the wrong currency, entered before or after tax when the opposite is intended, or otherwise misclassified, the result may be materially different from the result that would apply to the actual facts. Default assumptions are modelling conveniences, not recommendations.

Some tools use simplified formulas or source-data summaries. Even where a formula is standard in finance, accounting, tax, pension, mortgage, or benefit education, the surrounding real-world calculation may require additional rules, professional judgement, official forms, contracts, source documents, or institution-specific treatment.

Future uncertainty

Tax laws, benefit rules, government programs, market conditions, inflation, interest rates, life expectancy, employment income, family circumstances, place of residence and tax residency status, and personal goals may change. Future outcomes may differ materially from any projection, example, or estimate shown on this website.

Source data, AI assistance, and review limits

OpenBook Planning strives to use clear methods, visible assumptions, and source-linked reference data where practical. However, no representation is made that any content is complete, current, error-free, or suitable for a particular purpose. Financial rules, rates, forms, administrative practices, and institutional policies can change or be interpreted differently.

Artificial intelligence (AI) may be used to generate, write, review or otherwise assist with content on this website. Such content may still contain errors or omissions.

When using information and calculation results from this website, you are responsible for verifying important information using official or other reliable sources and for determining whether it applies to your circumstances. You are also responsible for how you use the information and results, and for the decisions you make.

Personal planning and professional advice

The content and calculation results on this website should not be the sole basis for financial, tax, legal, accounting, investment, retirement, estate, cross-border planning or other planning decisions. Advice from qualified professionals who take your specific circumstances into account is essential for personal planning decisions.

Personal views

The views, examples and educational commentary on this website reflect the author’s personal views only. They do not represent the positions of the author’s employer, professional organisations or affiliated entities.

Advertising, sponsorships, and affiliate links

This website may display advertising, sponsored content and affiliate links that can earn a commission for OpenBook. These arrangements may generate revenue for OpenBook.

These commercial arrangements do not determine calculator formulas, the approach used in educational content, calculator rankings, how tools and content are mapped to the CLARITY pillars, or the selection of reference data.

The display of an advertisement or affiliate link does not, by itself, imply any other affiliation between OpenBook and the advertiser, sponsor, merchant, platform or service provider. Nor does it mean that OpenBook endorses or recommends their products or services.

No guarantees

No representation is made that any calculator, article, example, or estimate is complete, accurate, current, or suitable for a particular purpose. Use of this website is at your own discretion.